The hidden and foreshadowing of the cross symbol and message in the Old Testament

Hebrews 1:1-2 "God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, has in these last days spoken to us by His Son"

Daniel 12:9 "But you, Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book until the time of the end"

Ephesians 3:10 "to the intent that now the manifold wisdom of God might be made known by the church to the principalities and powers in the heavenly places"

 

Reason

Significance

Explanation

Examples

Application

Related Scriptures

Principle of Progressive Revelation

God reveals His salvation plan gradually according to human historical development

God did not reveal Christ and salvation all at once, but progressively

From "the seed of woman" to more specific prophecies

Helps us understand the timing and purpose of God's revelation

Hebrews 1:1-2 "God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, has in these last days spoken to us by His Son"

Preparation of Hearts

Preparing for Christ's coming through types and symbols

Progressive revelation helps people gradually understand the Messiah's work

Passover lamb preparing Israelites to understand "the Lamb of God"

Strengthens faith, shows consistency in God's plan

John 5:39 "You search the Scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life; and these are they which testify of Me"

Test of Faith

Requires people to seek and understand by faith

Hidden truths need to be sought by faith, not just surface understanding

Abraham's test of offering Isaac

Encourages deeper seeking of God

Hebrews 11

 (Faith chapter)

Cultivation of Spiritual Insight

Encourages development of spiritual discernment

Hidden types require spiritual vision to identify

Moses lifting up the bronze serpent foreshadowing Christ being lifted up

Develops our habit of seeking the Holy Spirit's guidance

1 Corinthians 2:14 "But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; nor can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned"

Protection of Divine Revelation

Prevents revelation from being misinterpreted or misused before the right time

Protects God's plan from being disrupted by opposing forces

Sealed prophecies in Daniel

Reminds us to respect God's timing

Daniel 12:9 "But you, Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book until the time of the end"

Historical and Cultural Context

Conforms to the historical and cultural context of the time

Crucifixion was not common in Old Testament times, requiring other forms of foreshadowing

Sacrificial system aligned with religious expressions of that time

Helps us understand the relationship between revelation and cultural context

Galatians 4:4 "But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son..."

Display of God's Wisdom

Shows the depth and wisdom of God's plan

When types are compared with fulfillment, God's wisdom is revealed

Joseph's life foreshadowing Christ

Increases our reverence for God's wisdom

Ephesians 3:10 "to the intent that now the manifold wisdom of God might be made known by the church to the principalities and powers in the heavenly places"

The Cross vs. Israel's Hope

Avoids conflict with Israel's political expectations of the Messiah

Direct revelation of a suffering Messiah might conflict with contemporary political Messianic views

The suffering servant in Isaiah 53

Reminds us that God's plan transcends political and secular expectations

Luke 24:25-27 "...Ought not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into His glory?' And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself"

Examples Section

Sacrificial System

Prefigures Christ's atoning sacrifice

Spotless lamb slain and blood shed, foreshadowing Christ's sacrifice

Sin offerings and burnt offerings in Leviticus

Understanding the completeness of Christ's atonement

Leviticus 16 (Day of Atonement);

Hebrews 9:12-14 "...with His own blood He entered the Most Holy Place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption"

Passover

Prefigures Christ's redemptive work

Lamb's blood on doorposts causing death to pass over, foreshadowing Christ's blood's protection

Passover in Exodus

Recognizing Christ as our Passover Lamb

Exodus 12; 1 Corinthians 5:7 "...For indeed Christ, our Passover, was sacrificed for us"

Moses Lifting the Bronze Serpent

Prefigures Christ being lifted on the cross

People looking at the serpent for healing, as believers look to the lifted Christ for salvation

Bronze serpent incident in Numbers 21

Understanding the importance of looking in faith

Numbers 21:8-9; John 3:14-15 "And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life"

Smitten Rock

Christ struck to become the fountain of living water

Moses striking the rock to bring forth water, prefiguring Christ struck to become living water

Water from the rock in Exodus 17

Recognizing Christ as our fountain of life

Exodus 17:6; 1 Corinthians 10:4 "...all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them, and that Rock was Christ"

Ark of the Covenant and Mercy Seat

Prefigures Christ as the meeting place between God and man

God meeting with man at the mercy seat, foreshadowing reconciliation in Christ

Ark design in Exodus 25

Understanding Christ as our mediator with God

Exodus 25:17-22; Romans 3:25 "whom God set forth as a propitiation by His blood..."

Bronze Altar

Prefigures the cross as the place of sacrifice

Animals sacrificed on the bronze altar, foreshadowing Christ offering Himself on the cross

Bronze altar in Exodus 27

Understanding Christ as the perfect sacrifice

Exodus 27:1-8; Hebrews 13:10 "We have an altar from which those who serve the tabernacle have no right to eat"

Abraham Offering Isaac

Prefigures the Father offering the Son

Abraham willing to offer his only son, foreshadowing the Father giving His Son

Sacrifice in Genesis 22

Experiencing God's love and sacrifice

Genesis 22; John 3:16 "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son..."

Joseph's Story

Prefigures Christ's suffering and glory

Joseph betrayed by brothers but becomes savior, foreshadowing Christ's suffering and salvation

Joseph's life in Genesis 37-50

Seeing how God transforms suffering into blessing

Genesis 37-50; Acts 7:9-10 "And the patriarchs, becoming envious, sold Joseph into Egypt. But God was with him..."

David's Sufferings

Prefigures Christ's sufferings

David fleeing from Saul's persecution, foreshadowing Christ's sufferings

David's exile in 1 Samuel

Understanding the relationship between suffering and victory

Psalm 22 (quoted by Jesus on the cross)

Tabernacle and Temple

Prefigures Christ as the true tabernacle of God's presence with men

Tabernacle design and structure prefiguring Christ's body and work

Tabernacle design in Exodus 26-27

Understanding how Christ becomes our meeting place with God

Exodus 26-27; John 1:14 "And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us...";

 Hebrews 9:11-12 "...a greater and more perfect tabernacle..."

 

Conclusion:

  • This comprehensive table analyzes why cross symbols and messages are hidden and prefigured in the Old Testament. The first part focuses on explaining why God chose to use hidden types and shadows to reveal the cross, including principles of progressive revelation, preparation of hearts, and tests of faith. The second part lists tthe major prefigurations of the cross in the Old Testament, such as the sacrificial system, Passover, and Moses lifting the bronze serpent, along with relevant scriptures and corresponding New Testament interpretations.
  • This table helps us fully understand God's wisdom and purpose in revealing His plan of salvation, enabling us to develop greater spiritual insight when reading the Old Testament and to see the consistency and continuity of God's redemptive plan throughout scripture.
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