The hidden and foreshadowing of the cross symbol and message in the Old Testament
Hebrews 1:1-2 "God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, has in these last days spoken to us by His Son"
Daniel 12:9 "But you, Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book until the time of the end"
Ephesians 3:10 "to the intent that now the manifold wisdom of God might be made known by the church to the principalities and powers in the heavenly places"
Reason |
Significance |
Explanation |
Examples |
Application |
Related Scriptures |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Principle of Progressive Revelation |
God reveals His salvation plan gradually according to human historical development |
God did not reveal Christ and salvation all at once, but progressively |
From "the seed of woman" to more specific prophecies |
Helps us understand the timing and purpose of God's revelation |
Hebrews 1:1-2 "God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, has in these last days spoken to us by His Son" |
Preparation of Hearts |
Preparing for Christ's coming through types and symbols |
Progressive revelation helps people gradually understand the Messiah's work |
Passover lamb preparing Israelites to understand "the Lamb of God" |
Strengthens faith, shows consistency in God's plan |
John 5:39 "You search the Scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life; and these are they which testify of Me" |
Test of Faith |
Requires people to seek and understand by faith |
Hidden truths need to be sought by faith, not just surface understanding |
Abraham's test of offering Isaac |
Encourages deeper seeking of God |
Hebrews 11 (Faith chapter) |
Cultivation of Spiritual Insight |
Encourages development of spiritual discernment |
Hidden types require spiritual vision to identify |
Moses lifting up the bronze serpent foreshadowing Christ being lifted up |
Develops our habit of seeking the Holy Spirit's guidance |
1 Corinthians 2:14 "But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; nor can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned" |
Protection of Divine Revelation |
Prevents revelation from being misinterpreted or misused before the right time |
Protects God's plan from being disrupted by opposing forces |
Sealed prophecies in Daniel |
Reminds us to respect God's timing |
Daniel 12:9 "But you, Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book until the time of the end" |
Historical and Cultural Context |
Conforms to the historical and cultural context of the time |
Crucifixion was not common in Old Testament times, requiring other forms of foreshadowing |
Sacrificial system aligned with religious expressions of that time |
Helps us understand the relationship between revelation and cultural context |
Galatians 4:4 "But when the fullness of the time had come, God sent forth His Son..." |
Display of God's Wisdom |
Shows the depth and wisdom of God's plan |
When types are compared with fulfillment, God's wisdom is revealed |
Joseph's life foreshadowing Christ |
Increases our reverence for God's wisdom |
Ephesians 3:10 "to the intent that now the manifold wisdom of God might be made known by the church to the principalities and powers in the heavenly places" |
The Cross vs. Israel's Hope |
Avoids conflict with Israel's political expectations of the Messiah |
Direct revelation of a suffering Messiah might conflict with contemporary political Messianic views |
The suffering servant in Isaiah 53 |
Reminds us that God's plan transcends political and secular expectations |
Luke 24:25-27 "...Ought not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into His glory?' And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself" |
Examples Section |
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Sacrificial System |
Prefigures Christ's atoning sacrifice |
Spotless lamb slain and blood shed, foreshadowing Christ's sacrifice |
Sin offerings and burnt offerings in Leviticus |
Understanding the completeness of Christ's atonement |
Leviticus 16 (Day of Atonement); Hebrews 9:12-14 "...with His own blood He entered the Most Holy Place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption" |
Passover |
Prefigures Christ's redemptive work |
Lamb's blood on doorposts causing death to pass over, foreshadowing Christ's blood's protection |
Passover in Exodus |
Recognizing Christ as our Passover Lamb |
Exodus 12; 1 Corinthians 5:7 "...For indeed Christ, our Passover, was sacrificed for us" |
Moses Lifting the Bronze Serpent |
Prefigures Christ being lifted on the cross |
People looking at the serpent for healing, as believers look to the lifted Christ for salvation |
Bronze serpent incident in Numbers 21 |
Understanding the importance of looking in faith |
Numbers 21:8-9; John 3:14-15 "And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life" |
Smitten Rock |
Christ struck to become the fountain of living water |
Moses striking the rock to bring forth water, prefiguring Christ struck to become living water |
Water from the rock in Exodus 17 |
Recognizing Christ as our fountain of life |
Exodus 17:6; 1 Corinthians 10:4 "...all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them, and that Rock was Christ" |
Ark of the Covenant and Mercy Seat |
Prefigures Christ as the meeting place between God and man |
God meeting with man at the mercy seat, foreshadowing reconciliation in Christ |
Ark design in Exodus 25 |
Understanding Christ as our mediator with God |
Exodus 25:17-22; Romans 3:25 "whom God set forth as a propitiation by His blood..." |
Bronze Altar |
Prefigures the cross as the place of sacrifice |
Animals sacrificed on the bronze altar, foreshadowing Christ offering Himself on the cross |
Bronze altar in Exodus 27 |
Understanding Christ as the perfect sacrifice |
Exodus 27:1-8; Hebrews 13:10 "We have an altar from which those who serve the tabernacle have no right to eat" |
Abraham Offering Isaac |
Prefigures the Father offering the Son |
Abraham willing to offer his only son, foreshadowing the Father giving His Son |
Sacrifice in Genesis 22 |
Experiencing God's love and sacrifice |
Genesis 22; John 3:16 "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son..." |
Joseph's Story |
Prefigures Christ's suffering and glory |
Joseph betrayed by brothers but becomes savior, foreshadowing Christ's suffering and salvation |
Joseph's life in Genesis 37-50 |
Seeing how God transforms suffering into blessing |
Genesis 37-50; Acts 7:9-10 "And the patriarchs, becoming envious, sold Joseph into Egypt. But God was with him..." |
David's Sufferings |
Prefigures Christ's sufferings |
David fleeing from Saul's persecution, foreshadowing Christ's sufferings |
David's exile in 1 Samuel |
Understanding the relationship between suffering and victory |
Psalm 22 (quoted by Jesus on the cross) |
Tabernacle and Temple |
Prefigures Christ as the true tabernacle of God's presence with men |
Tabernacle design and structure prefiguring Christ's body and work |
Tabernacle design in Exodus 26-27 |
Understanding how Christ becomes our meeting place with God |
Exodus 26-27; John 1:14 "And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us..."; Hebrews 9:11-12 "...a greater and more perfect tabernacle..." |
Conclusion:
- This comprehensive table analyzes why cross symbols and messages are hidden and prefigured in the Old Testament. The first part focuses on explaining why God chose to use hidden types and shadows to reveal the cross, including principles of progressive revelation, preparation of hearts, and tests of faith. The second part lists tthe major prefigurations of the cross in the Old Testament, such as the sacrificial system, Passover, and Moses lifting the bronze serpent, along with relevant scriptures and corresponding New Testament interpretations.
- This table helps us fully understand God's wisdom and purpose in revealing His plan of salvation, enabling us to develop greater spiritual insight when reading the Old Testament and to see the consistency and continuity of God's redemptive plan throughout scripture.